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IANA IPv4 地址空间注册表

IANA IPv4 Address Space Registry

Last Updated
2013-03-22
Description
The allocation of Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) address space to various registries is listed
here. Originally, all the IPv4 address spaces was managed directly by the IANA. Later parts of the
address space were allocated to various other registries to manage for particular purposes or
regional areas of the world. RFC 1466 [RFC1466] documents most of these allocations.

This registry is also available in plain text.

Prefix Designation Date Whois Status [1] Note
000/8 IANA – Local Identification 1981-09 RESERVED [2]
001/8 APNIC 2010-01 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
002/8 RIPE NCC 2009-09 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
003/8 General Electric Company 1994-05 LEGACY
004/8 Level 3 Communications, Inc. 1992-12 LEGACY
005/8 RIPE NCC 2010-11 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
006/8 Army Information Systems Center 1994-02 LEGACY
007/8 Administered by ARIN 1995-04 whois.arin.net LEGACY
008/8 Level 3 Communications, Inc. 1992-12 LEGACY
009/8 IBM 1992-08 LEGACY
010/8 IANA – Private Use 1995-06 RESERVED [3]
011/8 DoD Intel Information Systems 1993-05 LEGACY
012/8 AT&T Bell Laboratories 1995-06 LEGACY
013/8 Xerox Corporation 1991-09 LEGACY
014/8 APNIC 2010-04 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED [4]
015/8 Hewlett-Packard Company 1994-07 LEGACY
016/8 Digital Equipment Corporation 1994-11 LEGACY
017/8 Apple Computer Inc. 1992-07 LEGACY
018/8 MIT 1994-01 LEGACY
019/8 Ford Motor Company 1995-05 LEGACY
020/8 Computer Sciences Corporation 1994-10 LEGACY
021/8 DDN-RVN 1991-07 LEGACY
022/8 Defense Information Systems Agency 1993-05 LEGACY
023/8 ARIN 2010-11 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
024/8 ARIN 2001-05 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
025/8 UK Ministry of Defence 1995-01 whois.ripe.net LEGACY
026/8 Defense Information Systems Agency 1995-05 LEGACY
027/8 APNIC 2010-01 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
028/8 DSI-North 1992-07 LEGACY
029/8 Defense Information Systems Agency 1991-07 LEGACY
030/8 Defense Information Systems Agency 1991-07 LEGACY
031/8 RIPE NCC 2010-05 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
032/8 AT&T Global Network Services 1994-06 LEGACY
033/8 DLA Systems Automation Center 1991-01 LEGACY
034/8 Halliburton Company 1993-03 LEGACY
035/8 Administered by ARIN 1994-04 whois.arin.net LEGACY
036/8 APNIC 2010-10 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
037/8 RIPE NCC 2010-11 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
038/8 PSINet, Inc. 1994-09 LEGACY
039/8 APNIC 2011-01 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
040/8 Administered by ARIN 1994-06 whois.arin.net LEGACY
041/8 AFRINIC 2005-04 whois.afrinic.net ALLOCATED
042/8 APNIC 2010-10 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
043/8 Administered by APNIC 1991-01 whois.apnic.net LEGACY
044/8 Amateur Radio Digital Communications 1992-07 LEGACY
045/8 Administered by ARIN 1995-01 whois.arin.net LEGACY
046/8 RIPE NCC 2009-09 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
047/8 Administered by ARIN 1991-01 whois.arin.net LEGACY
048/8 Prudential Securities Inc. 1995-05 LEGACY
049/8 APNIC 2010-08 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
050/8 ARIN 2010-02 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
051/8 UK Government Department for Work and Pensions 1994-08 whois.ripe.net LEGACY
052/8 E.I. duPont de Nemours and Co., Inc. 1991-12 LEGACY
053/8 Cap Debis CCS 1993-10 LEGACY
054/8 Administered by ARIN 1992-03 whois.arin.net LEGACY
055/8 DoD Network Information Center 1995-04 LEGACY
056/8 US Postal Service 1994-06 LEGACY
057/8 SITA 1995-05 LEGACY
058/8 APNIC 2004-04 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
059/8 APNIC 2004-04 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
060/8 APNIC 2003-04 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
061/8 APNIC 1997-04 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
062/8 RIPE NCC 1997-04 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
063/8 ARIN 1997-04 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
064/8 ARIN 1999-07 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
065/8 ARIN 2000-07 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
066/8 ARIN 2000-07 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
067/8 ARIN 2001-05 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
068/8 ARIN 2001-06 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
069/8 ARIN 2002-08 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
070/8 ARIN 2004-01 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
071/8 ARIN 2004-08 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
072/8 ARIN 2004-08 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
073/8 ARIN 2005-03 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
074/8 ARIN 2005-06 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
075/8 ARIN 2005-06 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
076/8 ARIN 2005-06 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
077/8 RIPE NCC 2006-08 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
078/8 RIPE NCC 2006-08 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
079/8 RIPE NCC 2006-08 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
080/8 RIPE NCC 2001-04 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
081/8 RIPE NCC 2001-04 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
082/8 RIPE NCC 2002-11 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
083/8 RIPE NCC 2003-11 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
084/8 RIPE NCC 2003-11 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
085/8 RIPE NCC 2004-04 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
086/8 RIPE NCC 2004-04 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
087/8 RIPE NCC 2004-04 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
088/8 RIPE NCC 2004-04 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
089/8 RIPE NCC 2005-06 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
090/8 RIPE NCC 2005-06 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
091/8 RIPE NCC 2005-06 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
092/8 RIPE NCC 2007-03 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
093/8 RIPE NCC 2007-03 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
094/8 RIPE NCC 2007-07 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
095/8 RIPE NCC 2007-07 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
096/8 ARIN 2006-10 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
097/8 ARIN 2006-10 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
098/8 ARIN 2006-10 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
099/8 ARIN 2006-10 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
100/8 ARIN 2010-11 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED [5]
101/8 APNIC 2010-08 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
102/8 AFRINIC 2011-02 whois.afrinic.net ALLOCATED
103/8 APNIC 2011-02 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
104/8 ARIN 2011-02 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
105/8 AFRINIC 2010-11 whois.afrinic.net ALLOCATED
106/8 APNIC 2011-01 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
107/8 ARIN 2010-02 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
108/8 ARIN 2008-12 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
109/8 RIPE NCC 2009-01 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
110/8 APNIC 2008-11 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
111/8 APNIC 2008-11 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
112/8 APNIC 2008-05 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
113/8 APNIC 2008-05 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
114/8 APNIC 2007-10 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
115/8 APNIC 2007-10 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
116/8 APNIC 2007-01 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
117/8 APNIC 2007-01 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
118/8 APNIC 2007-01 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
119/8 APNIC 2007-01 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
120/8 APNIC 2007-01 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
121/8 APNIC 2006-01 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
122/8 APNIC 2006-01 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
123/8 APNIC 2006-01 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
124/8 APNIC 2005-01 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
125/8 APNIC 2005-01 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
126/8 APNIC 2005-01 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
127/8 IANA – Loopback 1981-09 RESERVED [6]
128/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
129/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
130/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
131/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
132/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
133/8 Administered by APNIC 1997-03 whois.apnic.net LEGACY
134/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
135/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
136/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
137/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
138/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
139/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
140/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
141/8 Administered by RIPE NCC 1993-05 whois.ripe.net LEGACY
142/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
143/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
144/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
145/8 Administered by RIPE NCC 1993-05 whois.ripe.net LEGACY
146/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
147/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
148/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
149/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
150/8 Administered by APNIC 1993-05 whois.apnic.net LEGACY
151/8 Administered by RIPE NCC 1993-05 whois.ripe.net LEGACY
152/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
153/8 Administered by APNIC 1993-05 whois.apnic.net LEGACY
154/8 Administered by AFRINIC 1993-05 whois.afrinic.net LEGACY
155/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
156/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
157/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
158/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
159/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
160/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
161/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
162/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
163/8 Administered by APNIC 1993-05 whois.apnic.net LEGACY
164/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
165/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
166/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
167/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
168/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
169/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY [7]
170/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY
171/8 Administered by APNIC 1993-05 whois.apnic.net LEGACY
172/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY [8]
173/8 ARIN 2008-02 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
174/8 ARIN 2008-02 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
175/8 APNIC 2009-08 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
176/8 RIPE NCC 2010-05 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
177/8 LACNIC 2010-06 whois.lacnic.net ALLOCATED
178/8 RIPE NCC 2009-01 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
179/8 LACNIC 2011-02 whois.lacnic.net ALLOCATED
180/8 APNIC 2009-04 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
181/8 LACNIC 2010-06 whois.lacnic.net ALLOCATED
182/8 APNIC 2009-08 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
183/8 APNIC 2009-04 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
184/8 ARIN 2008-12 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
185/8 RIPE NCC 2011-02 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
186/8 LACNIC 2007-09 whois.lacnic.net ALLOCATED
187/8 LACNIC 2007-09 whois.lacnic.net ALLOCATED
188/8 Administered by RIPE NCC 1993-05 whois.ripe.net LEGACY
189/8 LACNIC 1995-06 whois.lacnic.net ALLOCATED
190/8 LACNIC 1995-06 whois.lacnic.net ALLOCATED
191/8 Administered by LACNIC 1993-05 whois.lacnic.net LEGACY
192/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY [9][10]
193/8 RIPE NCC 1993-05 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
194/8 RIPE NCC 1993-05 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
195/8 RIPE NCC 1993-05 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
196/8 Administered by AFRINIC 1993-05 whois.afrinic.net LEGACY
197/8 AFRINIC 2008-10 whois.afrinic.net ALLOCATED
198/8 Administered by ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net LEGACY [11]
199/8 ARIN 1993-05 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
200/8 LACNIC 2002-11 whois.lacnic.net ALLOCATED
201/8 LACNIC 2003-04 whois.lacnic.net ALLOCATED
202/8 APNIC 1993-05 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
203/8 APNIC 1993-05 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED [12]
204/8 ARIN 1994-03 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
205/8 ARIN 1994-03 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
206/8 ARIN 1995-04 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
207/8 ARIN 1995-11 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
208/8 ARIN 1996-04 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
209/8 ARIN 1996-06 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
210/8 APNIC 1996-06 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
211/8 APNIC 1996-06 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
212/8 RIPE NCC 1997-10 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
213/8 RIPE NCC 1993-10 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
214/8 US-DOD 1998-03 LEGACY
215/8 US-DOD 1998-03 LEGACY
216/8 ARIN 1998-04 whois.arin.net ALLOCATED
217/8 RIPE NCC 2000-06 whois.ripe.net ALLOCATED
218/8 APNIC 2000-12 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
219/8 APNIC 2001-09 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
220/8 APNIC 2001-12 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
221/8 APNIC 2002-07 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
222/8 APNIC 2003-02 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
223/8 APNIC 2010-04 whois.apnic.net ALLOCATED
224/8 Multicast 1981-09 RESERVED [13]
225/8 Multicast 1981-09 RESERVED [13]
226/8 Multicast 1981-09 RESERVED [13]
227/8 Multicast 1981-09 RESERVED [13]
228/8 Multicast 1981-09 RESERVED [13]
229/8 Multicast 1981-09 RESERVED [13]
230/8 Multicast 1981-09 RESERVED [13]
231/8 Multicast 1981-09 RESERVED [13]
232/8 Multicast 1981-09 RESERVED [13]
233/8 Multicast 1981-09 RESERVED [13]
234/8 Multicast 1981-09 RESERVED [13][14]
235/8 Multicast 1981-09 RESERVED [13]
236/8 Multicast 1981-09 RESERVED [13]
237/8 Multicast 1981-09 RESERVED [13]
238/8 Multicast 1981-09 RESERVED [13]
239/8 Multicast 1981-09 RESERVED [13][15]
240/8 Future use 1981-09 RESERVED [16]
241/8 Future use 1981-09 RESERVED [16]
242/8 Future use 1981-09 RESERVED [16]
243/8 Future use 1981-09 RESERVED [16]
244/8 Future use 1981-09 RESERVED [16]
245/8 Future use 1981-09 RESERVED [16]
246/8 Future use 1981-09 RESERVED [16]
247/8 Future use 1981-09 RESERVED [16]
248/8 Future use 1981-09 RESERVED [16]
249/8 Future use 1981-09 RESERVED [16]
250/8 Future use 1981-09 RESERVED [16]
251/8 Future use 1981-09 RESERVED [16]
252/8 Future use 1981-09 RESERVED [16]
253/8 Future use 1981-09 RESERVED [16]
254/8 Future use 1981-09 RESERVED [16]
255/8 Future use 1981-09 RESERVED [16][17]

Footnotes

[1] 
Indicates the status of address blocks as follows:
RESERVED: designated by the IETF for specific non-global-unicast purposes as noted.
LEGACY: allocated by the central Internet Registry (IR) prior to the Regional Internet Registries
(RIRs). This address space is now administered by individual RIRs as noted, including maintenance
of WHOIS Directory and reverse DNS records. Assignments from these blocks are distributed globally
on a regional basis.
ALLOCATED: delegated entirely to specific RIR as indicated.
UNALLOCATED: not yet allocated or reserved.
[2] 
0.0.0.0/8 reserved for self-identification [RFC1122], section 3.2.1.3. 
Reserved by protocol. For authoritative registration, see [IANA registry iana-ipv4-special-registry].
[3] 
Reserved for Private-Use Networks [RFC1918].
Complete registration details for 10.0.0.0/8 are found in [IANA registry iana-ipv4-special-registry].
[4] 
This was reserved for Public Data Networks [RFC1356]. See [IANA registry public-data-network-numbers].
It was recovered in February 2008 and was subsequently allocated to APNIC in April 2010.
[5] 
100.64.0.0/10 reserved for Shared Address Space [RFC6598]. 
Complete registration details for 100.64.0.0/10 are found in [IANA registry iana-ipv4-special-registry].
[6] 
127.0.0.0/8 reserved for Loopback [RFC1122], section 3.2.1.3. 
Reserved by protocol. For authoritative registration, see [IANA registry iana-ipv4-special-registry].
[7] 
169.254.0.0/16 reserved for Link Local [RFC3927].
Reserved by protocol. For authoritative registration, see [IANA registry iana-ipv4-special-registry].
[8] 
172.16.0.0/12 reserved for Private-Use Networks [RFC1918]. 
Complete registration details are found in [IANA registry iana-ipv4-special-registry].
[9] 
192.0.2.0/24  reserved for TEST-NET-1 [RFC5737]. 
Complete registration details for 192.0.2.0/24 are found in [IANA registry iana-ipv4-special-registry].
192.88.99.0/24 reserved for 6to4 Relay Anycast [RFC3068]
Complete registration details for 192.88.99.0/24 are found in [IANA registry iana-ipv4-special-registry].
192.88.99.2/32 reserved for 6a44 Relay Anycast [RFC6751] (possibly collocated with 6to4 Relay 
at 192.88.99.1/32 - see [RFC3068] section 2.4)
192.168.0.0/16 reserved for Private-Use Networks [RFC1918]. 
Complete registration details for 192.168.0.0/16 are found in [IANA registry iana-ipv4-special-registry].
[10] 
192.0.0.0/24 reserved for IANA IPv4 Special Purpose Address Registry [RFC5736]. 
Complete registration details for 192.0.0.0/24 are found in [IANA registry iana-ipv4-special-registry].
[11] 
198.18.0.0/15 reserved for Network Interconnect Device Benchmark Testing [RFC2544]. 
Complete registration details for 198.18.0.0/15 are found in [IANA registry iana-ipv4-special-registry].
198.51.100.0/24 reserved for TEST-NET-2 [RFC5737]. 
Complete registration details for 198.51.100.0/24 are found in [IANA registry iana-ipv4-special-registry].
[12] 
203.0.113.0/24 reserved for TEST-NET-3 [RFC5737]. 
Complete registration details for 203.0.113.0/24 are found in [IANA registry iana-ipv4-special-registry].
[13] 
Multicast (formerly "Class D") [RFC5771] registered in [IANA registry multicast-addresses]
[14] 
Unicast-Prefix-Based IPv4 Multicast Addresses [RFC6034]
[15] 
Administratively Scoped IP Multicast [RFC2365]
[16] 
Reserved for future use (formerly "Class E") [RFC1112].
Reserved by protocol. For authoritative registration, see [IANA registry iana-ipv4-special-registry].
[17] 
255.255.255.255 is reserved for "limited broadcast" destination address [RFC919] and [RFC922].
Complete registration details for 255.255.255.255/32 are found in [IANA registry iana-ipv4-special-registry].

相关资源:

 

IANA IPv4 专用地址注册表

IANA IPv4 Special-Purpose Address Registry

Created
2009-08-19

Last Updated
2013-03-03

This registry is also available in plain text.

Registry included below

* IANA IPv4 Special Purpose Address Registry

IANA IPv4 Special Purpose Address Registry

Registration Procedure(s)

IETF Review

Reference
[RFC5736][RFC-bonica-special-purpose-07]

Note

The IETF has reserved the address block of 192.0.0.0/24 for use for
special purposes relating to protocol assignments. This registry
contains the current assignments made by the IETF from this address
block.

Address prefixes listed in the Special Purpose Address Registry are
not guaranteed routability in any particular local or global context.

Address   Block Name RFC Allocation Date
0.0.0.0/8 “This” Network [RFC1122], section 3.2.1.3 1981-09
10.0.0.0/8 Private-Use [RFC1918] 1996-02
100.64.0.0/10 Shared   Address Space [RFC6598] 2012-04
127.0.0.0/8 Loopback [RFC1122], section 3.2.1.3 1981-09
169.254.0.0/16 Link   Local [RFC3927] 2005-05
172.16.0.0/12 Private-Use [RFC1918] 1996-02
192.0.0.0/24[2] IETF Protocol Assignments [RFC-bonica-special-purpose-07],   section 2.1 2010-01
192.0.0.0/29 DS-Lite [RFC6333] 2011-06
192.0.2.0/24 Documentation   (TEST-NET-1) [RFC5737] 2010-01
192.88.99.0/24 6to4   Relay Anycast [RFC3068] 2001-06
192.168.0.0/16 Private-Use [RFC1918] 1996-02
198.18.0.0/15 Benchmarking [RFC2544] 1999-03
198.51.100.0/24 Documentation   (TEST-NET-2) [RFC5737] 2010-01
203.0.113.0/24 Documentation   (TEST-NET-3) [RFC5737] 2010-01
240.0.0.0/4 Reserved [RFC1112], section 4 1989-08
255.255.255.255/32 Limited   Broadcast [RFC919], section 7 1984-10

Footnotes

[1] Several protocols have been granted exceptions to this rule.  For
examples, see [RFC4379] and [RFC5884].
[2] Not useable unless by virtue of a more specific reservation.

用shazam 听歌找歌 听歌识别歌曲

看到一个视频的配乐, 很好听. 听歌词查了好久, 但还是不知道歌曲名字.

最后在wp手机上安装了shazam(音乐雷达), 真心的好使! 查到演唱者和歌名再搜就好找多了!

shazam(音乐雷达) 简介:

突然出现悦己心神的音乐作品。而自己又不知道是什么音乐时，Shazam就能告诉玩家音乐信息，当然玩家需要让Shazam也听10秒钟。是的Shazam就是如此神奇！

P.S. 奉上找的那首音乐

Yuna – Lullabies  (adventure club remix)

IP-BGP 以及 BGP Monitoring / BGP 监测

IP-BGP

Introduction

A couple services have been established for mapping IP numbers to BGP prefixes and ASNs:

  • Whois (TCP 43)
  • DNS (UDP 53)

Three modes are supported origin, peer, and prefix.  The data returned is basically the same except that the peer mode also lists the BGP peers for the ASN.

The data to support these services are collected from the following sources:

Whois

The whois interface is used as follows:

Whois/Origin

 
$ whois -h asn.shadowserver.org origin 17.112.152.32
714 | 17.112.0.0/16 | APPLE-ENGINEERING | US | APPLE.COM | APPLE COMPUTER INC

The output is as follows

ASN | Prefix        | AS Name           | CN | Domain    | ISP

Whois/Peer

Using the peer mode is very similar:

$ whois -h asn.shadowserver.org peer 17.112.152.32
3356 7018 | 714 | 17.112.0.0/16 | APPLE-ENGINEERING | US | APPLE.COM | APPLE COMPUTER INC

The output is as follows

Peer(s)   | ASN | Prefix        | AS Name           | CN | Domain    | ISP

A more verbose mode is also available:

$ whois -h asn.shadowserver.org peer 4.5.6.4 verbose
 3356 | 4.0.0.0/9 | LEVEL3 | US | DSL-VERIZON.NET | GTE.NET LLC

  209    ASN-QWEST             Qwest
  293    ESNET                 Energy Sciences Network
  701    UUNET                 MCI Communications Services, Inc. d/b/a Verizon Business
  702    AS702                 Verizon Business EMEA - Commercial IP service provider in Europe
  1239   SPRINTLINK            Sprint
  1668   AOL-ATDN              AOL Transit Data Network
  2497   JPNIC-ASBLOCK         AP JPNIC
  2828   XO-AS15               XO Communications
  2914   NTT-COMMUNICATIONS-2  NTT America, Inc.
  3257   TISCALI               BACKBONE Tiscali Intl Network BV
  3303   SWISSCOM              Swisscom Solutions Ltd
  3333   RIPE-NCC              AS RIPE Network Coordination Centre
  3356   LEVEL3                Level 3 Communications
  3549   GBLX                  Global Crossing Ltd.
  3561   SAVVIS                Savvis
  4513   Globix                Corporation
  4637   REACH                 Reach Network Border AS
  5459   LINX                  AS London Internet Exchange Ltd.
  5511   OPENTRANSIT           France Telecom
  6079   RCN-AS                RCN Corporation
  6395   BROADWING             Broadwing Communications Services, Inc.
  6453   GLOBEINTERNET         VSNL International
  6461   MFNX                  MFN - Metromedia Fiber Network
  7018   ATT-INTERNET4         AT&T WorldNet Services
  8075   MICROSOFT-CORP---MSN  Microsoft Corp
  12956  TELEFONICA            Telefonica Backbone Autonomous System

Whois/Prefix

 
$ whois -h asn.shadowserver.org prefix 8075
64.4.0.0/18                                                           
65.54.8.0/22                                                          
65.54.48.0/20                                                         
65.54.74.0/23                                                         
65.54.80.0/23                                                         
65.54.83.0/24                                                         
65.54.86.0/23                                                         
65.54.92.0/23                                                         
65.54.94.0/23                                                         
65.54.96.0/20                                                         
65.54.120.0/21                                                        
65.54.128.0/19        
<<CHOPPED>>

Whois Batch Mode

The Whois server also supports batch mode where a list of IP addresses can be handled.  For example:

begin origin
4.5.4.3
17.112.152.32
208.77.188.166
end

Use netcat, telnet, or perl to send your list to the whois server:

$ netcat asn.shadowserver.org 43 < /tmp/list
3356 | 4.0.0.0/9 | LEVEL3 | US | DSL-VERIZON.NET | GTE.NET LLC
714 | 17.112.0.0/16 | APPLE-ENGINEERING | US | APPLE.COM | APPLE COMPUTER INC
40528 | 208.77.188.0/22 | ICANN-LAX | - | - | -

DNS

The format for a DNS based origin lookup is:

$ dig +short 32.152.112.17.origin.asn.shadowserver.org TXT
"714" "|" "17.112.0.0/16" "|" "APPLE-ENGINEERING" "|" "US" "|" "APPLE.COM" "|" "APPLE" "COMPUTER" "INC"

And the format for a ”peer’ lookup is:

$ dig +short 32.152.112.17.peer.asn.shadowserver.org TXT
"3356" "7018" "|" "714" "|" "17.112.0.0/16" "|" "APPLE-ENGINEERING" "|" "US" "|" "APPLE.COM" "|" "APPLE" "COMPUTER" "INC"

http://www.shadowserver.org/wiki/pmwiki.php/Services/IP-BGP

Shadowserver

Other Res :  BGP Monitoring   http://www.team-cymru.org/Monitoring/BGP/

Team Cymru

c# 获取HTTP headers 以及获取页面title

在写一个工具, 其中一个功能是检测收集服务器的一些信息, 需要在一个操作中取到HTTP headers 信息和 页面的标题(title).

尝试了WebRequest,WebResponse和 HttpWebRequest,HttpWebResponse. 研究他们的不同, 有Http的提供 了对无Http类的 HTTP 特定方法的实现. 关键似乎找不到我的要求”在一次操作中”完成获取到HTTP headers 和 title.

最后突然看到了一段国外代码中用到WebClient, 虽然功能不尽相同, 但又多了一点思路.  进行一翻测试, 发现WebClient十分简便好用, 代码量也骤减. 虽然效率可能会略慢一些,但是做到了一次调用, 取到headers 和 title.

代码如下:

//方法函数		
		/// <summary>
		/// 返回 HTTP headers.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="Url">地址</param>
		/// <returns>headers的列表</returns>
		public Dictionary<string, string> GetHTTPResponseHeaders(string url)
		{
		    Dictionary<string, string> HeaderList = new Dictionary<string, string>();

            WebClient x = new WebClient();
            x.Headers.Set("Timeout", "6000"); //超时设置6秒
            string source = x.DownloadString(url);

            //用正则表达式取页面标题
            string title = Regex.Match(source, @"<titleb[^>]*>s*(?<Title>[sS]*?)</title>", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase).Groups["Title"].Value;
            HeaderList.Add("Address", url); //加入地址
            HeaderList.Add("Title", title); //加入页面标题

            foreach (string HeaderKey in x.ResponseHeaders)
                HeaderList.Add(HeaderKey, x.ResponseHeaders[HeaderKey]);

		    return HeaderList;
		}

//调用
		void Button2Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
		{
			Dictionary<string, string> Headers = GetHTTPResponseHeaders("http://www.bohu.cn/");

			foreach (string HeaderKey in Headers.Keys) 
			    textBox5.Text += HeaderKey+" : "+Headers[HeaderKey]+"rn";
		}

养成自我良好习惯

 

0. 坚持冷水洗脸, 刷牙.

1．起床后，洗澡前，睡觉前做二十个俯卧撑.

2．避免或减少批评别人,不能证明他是错的那么你的批评就是错的.

3．说话时，不要急，尽量不打断别人，但也不能含糊，表达清楚才能传递正确信息.

4．每天至少读十分新闻,资讯,或书.

5．每天跟别人谈一些笑话,或听别人一些故事.

6. 戒酒少烟.

7. 把收入的10%用来与朋友和家人的聚会,娱乐,已加强联系.

8. 不贪嘴,不手短.

9.  少看电视，少玩游戏．

10. 十二点半前睡觉, ８点半前起床．

11. 打不完的包月话费，尽量主动打出去．

12. 用一个小方巾来避免大量使用抽纸巾: 既环保又经济．

13. 每天要吃一点水果，多样性更好．

14. 学会静心冥想,排空苦闷和诉求,寻求内心的宁静

15. 每晚睡前想一些问题,反省下最近发生的事,罗列下最近要做的事

16. 上班时要专心: 不是必须，尽量不上QQ，空间, 微博等

17. 坚持持续性的记录自己生活:写日志, 发布照片

18. 每天检查邮箱两次以上

19. 尽量每天更换内裤和袜子

20. 做到生活勤俭清贫的同时生活品质不下降

21. 不能把金钱看的太重, 但原则一定坚持要有.

 

积累与沉淀

时刻保持清零的状态: 固有的经验和过强的自我认知，会使人容易忽视别人意见中的有益部分

深度是广度的副产品: 尤其对于在软件开发，这样一个快速发展，新技术层出不穷的领域

多写代码，多接地气：实践出真知

“一将无能，累死三军”。

他山之石，可以攻玉

记录征兆

开始有点鼻塞,然后感觉头有点蒙蒙的,精力不集中,估计还是鼻炎.
后来感觉鼻子出气很热,脖子后背肌肉类似酸酸的感觉,摸摸头有点热,不会发烧吧. 症状很想.
好几年没发过烧了. 其实也很期盼的.
又过了会竟然有呕吐感,接着是腹泻感.
没吐,但去大号排了些.

五种拍摄相机模式解析

　　随着越来越多的中高端消费级数码相机数码相机加入了全手动功能，单反也日益的普及到了老百姓的日常生活之中，更多的网友不愿意只满足于按下快门那么简单。除了平时的拍照以外，更多的人想拍出与众不同，更有意境的照片效果。当我们具备了一定的摄影知识之后，我们想拍出出色的照片将不会被相机自动设置的参数所局限，相机将真正的成为我们要表达的情感记录工具。


图为：相机模式拨盘说明 ·全自动操作【AUTO】
　　全自动模式下，相机会根据所处的光亮环境，自动来设置相机各种参数来获得最佳的曝光度和效果，这点对于刚接触数码相机的用户来说非常有用。相机用户只需要把对焦点（或多对焦点的其中一点）对准被摄物体，半按下快门按钮，当听到合焦声（一般为清脆的嘀嘀声）或者在取景器上看见合焦提示成功后，完全按下快门键即可完成拍摄。
图为：采用全自动模式拍摄（下载可看源片数据） 　　采用全自动拍摄模式时在昏暗情况下有可能相机会自动弹起闪光灯来进行补光。因为成像的好坏是由相机通过计算来得到的。我们就不过多的进行说明了。此功能完全可以满足光亮充足下的拍摄需求。
·程序自动曝光【P】
　　相机采用自动设置快门和光圈的参数，称为程序自动曝光。自动曝光在全自动曝光的基础上来进行操作，相机使用者可以自己限定ISO值、白平衡、测光模式等等参数，当我们想在昏暗环境下拍摄低ISO值来保证画面质量，但对摄影不是很了解的情况下，P档给予了我们更多的拍摄自由。但这仅仅是往中端摄影爱好者过度的一个阶段，想要拍出独具匠心、自己所想要的影像。我们还得继续往深处钻研。
图为：采用程序自动曝光模式拍摄（下载可看源片数据） 　　相信看完以上两档入门级拍摄讲解以后，各位完全可以总结为两条：全自动操作模式只需要我们把对焦点对在被摄物体上即可（有些机型甚至连这步都省了）。程序自动曝光模式则需要我们把规定的参数（如：ISO感光度、白平衡、测光模式、驱动模式等等）设置成想要的数值，光圈、快门方面则完全由相机自身来控制。
　　它们的区别在于，当使用全自动模式是，相机会自动设置对焦模式、驱动模式、内置闪光灯、感光度等等，当使用程序时，相机只自动设置光圈和快门数值，其它参数消费者可以自行更改。
·光圈优先【A】
　　当我们对以上两种模式，或者说是对程序自动曝光【P】了解差不多了，我们就可以按照自己的喜好来往更加专业的拍摄方向发展了。
　　光圈优先是大多数影友们用的最多的一种拍摄模式。首先，光圈的大小直接影响的就是景深的深浅，光圈越大（数值越小，例如F2.8），景深越浅，背景虚化越严重；光圈越小（数值越大，例如F22），景深越深，背景越清晰。请看我们下面的对比图效果。

图为：奥林巴斯ZUIKO DIGITAL ED300mm1:2.8镜头光圈焦外对比　　各位可以明显的看出各档光圈下焦外景深随着光圈的缩小也变得越来越明显。相信眼细的网友还从中看到了一个问题，就是当光圈在F5.6左右的时候成像最锐利，效果最好。这就是我们即将介绍的光圈另一个作用——成像的锐利度。
图为：佳能G10长焦端分辨率测试 　　想改变镜头成像的锐利度通常最简单的办法就是来改变光圈的大小，大多数镜头的光圈在F5.6左右时可以达到最好的成像效果，整体保证是在镜头光圈的最中间值即可。
图为：松下LX3各档光圈实拍效果截图 　　此外，光圈的大小直接影响的就是快门的速度，通常人们往往做的就是在昏暗的环境下把光圈值调到最大，让光线投进镜头的量更多，使快门速度更快以达到防止画面手抖所带来的模糊感。当然光圈的最大值越大，价格也就越贵。且恒定光圈（变焦时光圈恒定）要比非恒定光圈也要贵出不少。这就要看消费者的经济承受能力了。
·快门优先【S】（佳能机型一般为【Tv】）
　　在此模式之中，消费者可以自动设置快门速度值来进行自己所需要的拍摄。高速的快门可以凝固瞬间动作或者移动的主题。而较低的快门速度可以让运动中的物体产生模糊效果，增加动感。
图为：提高快门速度跟拍凝固运动瞬间
图为：降低快门速度让水花产生模糊增加动感 　　通常在拍摄运动状态下一般都要提高快门速度，往往还要配和ISO感光度的提升来进行拍摄。在拍摄喷泉、瀑布等场景时，往往降低快门速度进行拍照可以让影像显得更加有意境，但往往需要配合中灰滤镜来进行拍摄，有些相机还自带滤镜效果（如佳能G10）。一般不是特殊情况下此模式运用的还是很少的。
·全手动操作【M】
　　相信很多新手在全手动模式中拍出来的照片要不就是全黑的，要不就是全白的。在全手动模式中，影友可以根据自己所需要的光圈值和快门速度来进行拍摄，是否曝光正确可以参考取景器或者液晶显示品上的标准曝光量指示标尺，当曝光量标志在标尺的中心位置时则曝光正好。

图为：B门下拍摄的星空轨迹 　　当熟悉光圈、快门优先之后，相信很多消费者在比较极端的情况下，过度亮和过度暗，都会遇到一个瓶颈。相机的光圈、快门方面都有一个最大值（例如最长时间为30秒的曝光），当超过此值时相机的自动拍摄就无能为力了，例如上图的星空轨迹照片，这时我们就要采用B门来进行长达6个小时左右的拍摄，才可以达到以上效果。
图为：B门下拍摄光涂鸦效果 　　值得一提的是，相机的全手动不仅让我们可以拍出计划内的照片效果，还可以达到更喜剧的图片内容。光涂鸦则是一个很成功的例子，相机在快门开启状态用明亮的物体（如手电筒）在空中画出轨迹，则拍完成功之后画面上就能显示出刚才的轨迹路线。
　　以上介绍的五种拍摄模式，又称之为创意拍摄区域，在数码单反类相机中都具备，而高端消费级相机中全具备的并不是很多，有些相机虽然自带M档，但快门只有两档，操作起来形同虚设。因为篇幅的关系我们并没有详细的说明每档模式，只是大概介绍了一下。 ]]>